Secrets Of The Cabbage Patch Hanover Phenomenon

The Cabbage Patch Hanover is a name that resonates with nostalgia and intrigue. Known primarily as a line of dolls that captured the hearts of millions, the Cabbage Patch phenomenon extends beyond mere toys. It represents a cultural milestone, an economic marvel, and a lasting symbol of childhood wonder. The dolls, with their distinctive soft bodies and unique, hand-stitched faces, have become an iconic part of toy history, leaving an indelible mark on generations. But what is it about the Cabbage Patch Hanover that has made it endure over decades? Let's delve deeper into its captivating story.

Delving into the roots of the Cabbage Patch Hanover takes us back to the late 1970s, a time when the world was ready for a revolution in the toy industry. The idea was born in the creative mind of Xavier Roberts, a young artist with a vision to create something unique and personal. He crafted what would eventually be known as the Cabbage Patch Kids, dolls that were not only toys but also companions with their own adoption papers and individual names. This innovative approach transformed the way children, and even adults, perceived dolls, paving the way for a new era of interactive play and emotional attachment.

The allure of the Cabbage Patch Hanover lies not just in its initial popularity but in its remarkable ability to adapt and thrive through changing times. Over the years, the brand has expanded beyond dolls, influencing various aspects of popular culture, from animated series to merchandise and collectibles. Its legacy is a testament to the power of creativity, ingenuity, and marketing prowess. As we explore this phenomenon in detail, we will uncover the multifaceted aspects of its history, cultural impact, and enduring charm that continue to captivate audiences worldwide.

Table of Contents

• Biography of Xavier Roberts
• What is the Cabbage Patch Hanover?
• How Did the Cabbage Patch Dolls Originate?
• Why Did the Cabbage Patch Dolls Become So Popular?
• Economic Impact of Cabbage Patch Hanover
• Cultural Significance of Cabbage Patch Hanover
• Cabbage Patch Hanover in Modern Times
• How Are Cabbage Patch Kids Made?
• What Makes Each Cabbage Patch Kid Unique?
• Collecting and Valuing Cabbage Patch Dolls
• Cabbage Patch Hanover Merchandise
• Cabbage Patch Hanover in Media
• Frequently Asked Questions About Cabbage Patch Hanover
• Conclusion

Biography of Xavier Roberts

Xavier Roberts, the creative genius behind the Cabbage Patch Kids, was born on October 31, 1955, in Cleveland, Georgia. From a young age, Roberts exhibited an artistic flair and a passion for creating things. His journey towards creating the Cabbage Patch phenomenon began when he was a college student studying art and design. It was during this time that he developed his unique approach to crafting dolls, which would later become his signature creation.

Roberts drew inspiration from Appalachian folk art, particularly the hand-stitched fabric dolls that were popular in the region. He experimented with different materials and techniques, eventually devising a method that combined quilting, needle sculpture, and painting to create lifelike dolls. His dedication to craftsmanship and innovation set the stage for the birth of the Cabbage Patch Kids.

In 1978, Roberts established the Original Appalachian Artworks, his own company dedicated to producing handmade dolls. His vision was to offer more than just toys; he wanted to provide children with companions that they could cherish and nurture. This philosophy extended to the unique aspect of adopting each doll, complete with its own name and adoption papers, which added a personal touch and an emotional connection for the owners.

Table: Personal Details and Bio Data of Xavier Roberts

Roberts' innovative dolls quickly gained popularity, and by the early 1980s, the demand for Cabbage Patch Kids skyrocketed. Their success was fueled by a combination of Roberts' artistic talent, savvy marketing strategies, and the unique appeal of the dolls themselves. The Cabbage Patch Kids became a cultural sensation, and Roberts' name became synonymous with this beloved line of dolls.

Throughout his career, Xavier Roberts remained committed to his vision of providing children with unique and meaningful play experiences. His legacy continues to influence the toy industry and remains a testament to the power of creativity and innovation.

What is the Cabbage Patch Hanover?

The term "Cabbage Patch Hanover" refers to a specific aspect of the broader Cabbage Patch phenomenon, focusing on the unique characteristics and cultural significance of these dolls. The Cabbage Patch Kids, as they are commonly known, are not just any dolls; they represent a revolutionary approach to toy design and marketing that captivated the world.

At their core, Cabbage Patch Kids are soft-bodied dolls with distinctive, hand-stitched faces. Each doll is unique, with its own name, birth certificate, and adoption papers, which add a personal touch and create an emotional bond between the doll and its owner. This concept of "adopting" a doll was a novel idea at the time and played a significant role in the dolls' immense popularity.

The Cabbage Patch Hanover is characterized by its whimsical backstory, which involves the idea that the dolls are born in a magical cabbage patch. This narrative, coupled with the dolls' unique appearance and the adoption process, contributed to their widespread appeal and made them stand out in the toy market.

Key features of the Cabbage Patch Hanover include:

• Adoption Process: Each doll comes with adoption papers and a unique name, creating a sense of individuality and personal connection.
• Handcrafted Design: The dolls are made with a combination of quilting, needle sculpture, and painting, resulting in a distinctive, handmade appearance.
• Cultural Impact: The Cabbage Patch Kids became a cultural phenomenon, influencing popular culture, media, and even fashion.
• Lasting Legacy: Despite changes in the toy industry, the Cabbage Patch Kids continue to be beloved by collectors and new generations of children.

Overall, the Cabbage Patch Hanover represents more than just a line of dolls; it embodies the creativity, innovation, and cultural impact that have made the Cabbage Patch Kids a timeless icon in the world of toys.

How Did the Cabbage Patch Dolls Originate?

The origin of the Cabbage Patch Dolls can be traced back to the late 1970s, when a young artist named Xavier Roberts set out to create a unique line of handcrafted dolls. Roberts was inspired by the rich tradition of Appalachian folk art, particularly the soft-sculpture techniques used in quilt-making and fabric doll creation.

Roberts began experimenting with various materials and techniques, eventually developing a method that combined quilting, needle sculpture, and painting to create lifelike dolls. His goal was to create dolls that were not only visually appealing but also had a personal and emotional connection with their owners.

In 1978, Roberts established the Original Appalachian Artworks, a company dedicated to producing and selling his handmade dolls. He introduced an innovative concept that set his dolls apart from others in the market: each doll would come with its own name, birth certificate, and adoption papers. This adoption process added a unique and personal element to the dolls, making them more than just toys—they became cherished companions.

The Cabbage Patch Dolls quickly gained popularity, and Roberts began showcasing them at craft fairs and art shows. Their distinctive appearance and the heartwarming adoption concept captured the attention of both children and adults, leading to a surge in demand.

By the early 1980s, the Cabbage Patch Dolls had become a cultural sensation. They were featured in magazines, television shows, and even news reports, highlighting their popularity and the frenzy they created during the holiday shopping season. The dolls became a must-have item, and parents often went to great lengths to secure one for their children.

The success of the Cabbage Patch Dolls was fueled by a combination of Xavier Roberts' artistic talent, innovative marketing strategies, and the unique appeal of the dolls themselves. The dolls' origin story, rooted in creativity and a desire to provide meaningful play experiences, continues to be a defining aspect of their enduring legacy.

Why Did the Cabbage Patch Dolls Become So Popular?

The Cabbage Patch Dolls' popularity can be attributed to a variety of factors that combined to create a perfect storm of cultural and commercial success. Here are some key reasons why these dolls became a phenomenon:

1. Unique Design and Concept

The Cabbage Patch Dolls stood out in the toy market due to their distinctive design and unique adoption concept. Each doll was handcrafted, featuring a soft body and a hand-stitched face, giving it a one-of-a-kind appearance. The adoption process, complete with a birth certificate and adoption papers, added a personal touch that resonated with children and their parents.

2. Emotional Connection

The idea of adopting a doll and giving it a name created an emotional bond between the child and the doll. This sense of ownership and responsibility made the dolls more than just playthings; they became cherished companions and friends.

3. Clever Marketing

Xavier Roberts and his team employed savvy marketing strategies to promote the Cabbage Patch Dolls. The narrative of the dolls being born in a magical cabbage patch, coupled with the adoption process, captured the imagination of consumers and created a strong brand identity.

4. Media Coverage

The Cabbage Patch Dolls received extensive media coverage, which helped fuel their popularity. News outlets and magazines featured stories about the dolls and the frenzy they created during the holiday shopping season. This publicity further increased demand and made the dolls a must-have item.

5. Cultural Phenomenon

The Cabbage Patch Dolls became a cultural phenomenon, influencing popular culture and even fashion. They were featured in television shows, movies, and music videos, cementing their status as a cultural icon.

6. Limited Availability

The limited availability of the dolls during peak demand periods created a sense of urgency among consumers. Parents often went to great lengths to secure a Cabbage Patch Doll for their children, leading to long lines and even scuffles in stores.

Overall, the combination of a unique design, emotional connection, clever marketing, media coverage, cultural impact, and limited availability contributed to the Cabbage Patch Dolls' immense popularity and enduring legacy.

Economic Impact of Cabbage Patch Hanover

The Cabbage Patch Hanover had a significant economic impact, both in terms of the toy industry and the broader market. The dolls' popularity led to substantial financial success for Xavier Roberts and his company, Original Appalachian Artworks, as well as for the toy manufacturers and retailers who partnered with him. Here are some key aspects of the economic impact:

1. Revenue Generation

The Cabbage Patch Dolls generated significant revenue for Original Appalachian Artworks and its manufacturing partners. The dolls' popularity led to millions of units being sold worldwide, resulting in substantial profits for the company and its stakeholders.

2. Boost to the Toy Industry

The success of the Cabbage Patch Dolls had a ripple effect on the toy industry as a whole. Their popularity spurred innovation and competition among toy manufacturers, leading to the development of new products and marketing strategies. The dolls became a benchmark for success, inspiring other companies to create unique and engaging toys.

3. Retail Impact

The Cabbage Patch Dolls created a surge in demand that benefited retailers across the globe. Toy stores and department stores experienced increased foot traffic and sales, particularly during the holiday season when the dolls were in high demand. The frenzy surrounding the dolls led to long lines and stock shortages, further driving sales.

4. Merchandising Opportunities

The Cabbage Patch Hanover extended beyond dolls, with a wide range of merchandise being produced to capitalize on the brand's popularity. This included clothing, accessories, books, and other products featuring the Cabbage Patch Kids. These merchandising opportunities created additional revenue streams and expanded the brand's reach.

5. Licensing Agreements

The Cabbage Patch Kids' success led to lucrative licensing agreements with manufacturers and media companies. These agreements allowed the brand to expand into new markets and product categories, further increasing its economic impact.

Overall, the Cabbage Patch Hanover had a profound economic impact, generating substantial revenue and influencing the toy industry and retail market. Its success continues to serve as a case study in effective marketing, product innovation, and brand development.

Cultural Significance of Cabbage Patch Hanover

The Cabbage Patch Hanover holds a special place in popular culture, representing more than just a line of dolls. Its cultural significance extends to various aspects of society, including media, fashion, and even social dynamics. Here are some key elements of the Cabbage Patch Hanover's cultural impact:

1. Iconic Status

The Cabbage Patch Kids became a cultural icon, symbolizing the innocence and wonder of childhood. Their distinctive appearance and heartwarming adoption story captured the imaginations of children and adults alike, making them a beloved part of many people's childhood memories.

2. Influence on Media

The Cabbage Patch Kids were featured in numerous television shows, movies, and commercials, further cementing their status as a cultural phenomenon. Their presence in media helped shape the narrative around the dolls and contributed to their enduring popularity.

3. Fashion Trends

The distinctive appearance of the Cabbage Patch Kids, with their round faces and yarn hair, influenced fashion trends and inspired clothing and accessories that mimicked their style. This influence extended to children's fashion, with clothing lines and accessories featuring the dolls' likenesses.

4. Social Dynamics

The Cabbage Patch Kids' popularity highlighted the power of consumer demand and the lengths to which people would go to secure a coveted item. The frenzy surrounding the dolls during the holiday season became a cultural touchstone, illustrating the impact of marketing and media on consumer behavior.

5. Legacy and Nostalgia

The Cabbage Patch Kids continue to evoke feelings of nostalgia and fond memories for those who grew up with them. Their legacy is celebrated through collectors, conventions, and fan communities, ensuring that the Cabbage Patch Hanover remains a cherished part of popular culture.

Overall, the cultural significance of the Cabbage Patch Hanover extends beyond the dolls themselves, influencing media, fashion, and social dynamics. Their impact continues to be felt today, as they remain a beloved and enduring symbol of childhood.

Cabbage Patch Hanover in Modern Times

While the Cabbage Patch Kids experienced their peak popularity in the 1980s, they continue to hold a special place in the hearts of collectors and new generations of children. In modern times, the Cabbage Patch Hanover has evolved to adapt to changing consumer preferences and technological advancements. Here are some key aspects of the Cabbage Patch Hanover in contemporary times:

1. Nostalgia and Collectibility

For many individuals who grew up with Cabbage Patch Kids, the dolls evoke a strong sense of nostalgia. This nostalgia has fueled a vibrant collectors' market, with vintage and limited-edition dolls commanding high prices. Collectors often seek out rare dolls and accessories to add to their collections, keeping the legacy of the Cabbage Patch Hanover alive.

2. Continued Production

Despite changes in the toy industry, Cabbage Patch Kids continue to be produced and sold. The dolls have been updated to reflect modern design trends and consumer preferences, while still retaining their iconic features. New releases often include special editions and collaborations, appealing to both collectors and new fans.

3. Digital Presence

In the digital age, the Cabbage Patch Hanover has expanded its presence online, with official websites, social media accounts, and digital content. This online presence allows fans to connect, share stories, and engage with the brand in new ways. It also provides a platform for marketing and promoting new releases and merchandise.

4. Cultural References

The Cabbage Patch Kids continue to be referenced in popular culture, with appearances in movies, television shows, and even music videos. These references often highlight the dolls' iconic status and their lasting impact on popular culture.

5. Educational and Charitable Initiatives

The Cabbage Patch Hanover has also been involved in educational and charitable initiatives, using its brand recognition to support various causes. These initiatives help reinforce the positive values associated with the Cabbage Patch Kids, such as nurturing, caring, and community involvement.

Overall, the Cabbage Patch Hanover remains a beloved and enduring part of popular culture, continuing to captivate new audiences while celebrating its rich legacy. Its ability to adapt and remain relevant in modern times is a testament to its lasting appeal and cultural significance.

How Are Cabbage Patch Kids Made?

The creation of Cabbage Patch Kids involves a combination of traditional craftsmanship and modern manufacturing techniques. While the process has evolved over the years, the core principles of quality and uniqueness remain central to the production of each doll. Here's an overview of how Cabbage Patch Kids are made:

1. Design and Prototyping

The process begins with the design and prototyping phase, where artists and designers create sketches and models of new doll concepts. These designs are reviewed and refined to ensure they meet the brand's standards for quality and uniqueness.

2. Material Selection

Once the design is finalized, materials are selected for the production of the dolls. The signature soft body of the Cabbage Patch Kids is typically made from high-quality fabric, while the hand-stitched faces are crafted from vinyl or other durable materials.

3. Fabrication

The fabrication process involves cutting, sewing, and assembling the various components of the doll. Skilled artisans use a combination of machine and hand-stitching to create the soft body and attach the limbs and head. The dolls' faces are meticulously painted to give each one a unique expression.

4. Personalization

One of the defining features of Cabbage Patch Kids is their personalization. Each doll is given a unique name, birth certificate, and adoption papers. This personalization process adds an emotional connection between the doll and its owner, making each one a cherished companion.

5. Quality Control

Before the dolls are packaged and shipped, they undergo a rigorous quality control process to ensure they meet the brand's standards. This includes checking for any defects or imperfections and verifying that all components are securely attached.

6. Packaging and Distribution

Once the dolls pass quality control, they are packaged with their adoption papers and birth certificate. They are then distributed to retailers and online platforms, ready to be adopted by new owners around the world.

The process of making Cabbage Patch Kids is a blend of artistry, craftsmanship, and modern manufacturing techniques. Each doll is crafted with care and attention to detail, ensuring that it remains a beloved and cherished companion for years to come.

What Makes Each Cabbage Patch Kid Unique?

The uniqueness of each Cabbage Patch Kid is one of the key factors that have contributed to the brand's enduring appeal. Unlike mass-produced toys, Cabbage Patch Kids are designed to be one-of-a-kind companions with their own distinct personalities and features. Here are some elements that make each Cabbage Patch Kid unique:

1. Handcrafted Design

Each Cabbage Patch Kid is handcrafted, with a soft body and a hand-stitched face. This artisanal approach ensures that no two dolls are exactly alike, giving each one a unique appearance and character.

2. Personalized Features

Every Cabbage Patch Kid comes with its own name, birth certificate, and adoption papers. This personalization process adds an emotional connection between the doll and its owner, making each one a cherished companion.

3. Varied Styles and Themes

Cabbage Patch Kids are available in a wide range of styles and themes, from classic designs to special editions and collaborations. This variety allows collectors and fans to choose dolls that resonate with their personal tastes and interests.

4. Distinctive Expressions

The faces of Cabbage Patch Kids are hand-painted, giving each doll a unique expression. This attention to detail ensures that each doll has its own personality and charm, adding to its individuality.

5. Limited Editions

Throughout the years, Cabbage Patch Kids have released limited-edition dolls, often featuring special designs, themes, or collaborations. These limited editions are highly sought after by collectors and add to the uniqueness of the brand.

Overall, the uniqueness of each Cabbage Patch Kid is a testament to the brand's commitment to craftsmanship and personalization. The combination of handcrafted design, personalized features, and distinctive expressions ensures that each doll is a one-of-a-kind companion that is cherished by its owner.

Collecting and Valuing Cabbage Patch Dolls

Collecting Cabbage Patch Dolls has become a popular hobby for enthusiasts and fans of all ages. The dolls' unique design, personalization, and cultural significance make them highly sought after by collectors. Here are some key aspects of collecting and valuing Cabbage Patch Dolls:

1. Understanding Collectibility

Cabbage Patch Dolls are considered collectible due to their unique features, limited editions, and historical significance. Collectors often seek out rare dolls, special editions, and dolls with original packaging and adoption papers.

2. Identifying Valuable Dolls

The value of a Cabbage Patch Doll is influenced by several factors, including its condition, rarity, age, and unique features. Dolls that are in excellent condition, with original packaging and adoption papers, tend to be more valuable.

3. Rarity and Limited Editions

Limited edition Cabbage Patch Dolls, particularly those released during the early years of production, are highly sought after by collectors. These dolls often feature unique designs, themes, or collaborations, adding to their value and appeal.

4. Condition and Authenticity

The condition of a Cabbage Patch Doll plays a significant role in its value. Dolls that are well-preserved, with minimal wear and tear, are more desirable to collectors. Authenticity is also crucial, and dolls with original adoption papers and birth certificates are considered more valuable.

5. Collecting Communities

There are vibrant communities of Cabbage Patch Doll collectors who connect through online forums, social media groups, and conventions. These communities provide a platform for enthusiasts to share their collections, exchange information, and buy or sell dolls.

Overall, collecting Cabbage Patch Dolls is a rewarding hobby that celebrates the brand's rich legacy and cultural significance. The combination of unique design, personalization, and historical value makes these dolls cherished collectibles for enthusiasts worldwide.

Cabbage Patch Hanover Merchandise

The success of the Cabbage Patch Kids extended beyond the dolls themselves, leading to a wide range of merchandise that capitalized on the brand's popularity. The Cabbage Patch Hanover merchandise includes various products that feature the dolls' distinctive design and themes. Here are some key aspects of Cabbage Patch Hanover merchandise:

1. Clothing and Accessories

Cabbage Patch Kids-themed clothing and accessories were among the first merchandise items to be produced. These included t-shirts, hats, bags, and other apparel featuring the dolls' likenesses. The distinctive style of the Cabbage Patch Kids made these items popular among fans and collectors.

2. Books and Media

The Cabbage Patch Kids' popularity led to the creation of books, comics, and media content that expanded on the dolls' backstory and adventures. These products provided fans with additional ways to engage with the brand and explore the world of the Cabbage Patch Kids.

3. Home Decor and Collectibles

Cabbage Patch Kids-themed home decor items, such as bedding, curtains, and wall art, allowed fans to incorporate the dolls into their living spaces. Additionally, collectible figurines and ornaments featuring the Cabbage Patch Kids became popular among collectors.

4. Educational Products

The Cabbage Patch Kids brand expanded into educational products, including puzzles, games, and activity books. These products offered children an opportunity to learn and play while engaging with the beloved Cabbage Patch Kids characters.

5. Collaborations and Special Editions

The Cabbage Patch Kids brand has collaborated with various companies and designers to create special edition merchandise. These collaborations often feature unique designs and themes, appealing to both collectors and new fans.

Overall, the Cabbage Patch Hanover merchandise expanded the brand's reach and provided fans with additional ways to enjoy the Cabbage Patch Kids. The wide range of products reflects the brand's enduring popularity and cultural significance.

Cabbage Patch Hanover in Media

The Cabbage Patch Kids have made numerous appearances in media over the years, further cementing their status as a cultural phenomenon. Their presence in television, film, and advertising has contributed to their enduring popularity and cultural impact. Here are some key aspects of the Cabbage Patch Hanover's presence in media:

1. Television Shows

The Cabbage Patch Kids have been featured in various television shows, both as animated characters and in live-action segments. These shows often explore the dolls' adventures and reinforce the themes of friendship, caring, and community associated with the brand.

2. Movies and Specials

The Cabbage Patch Kids have appeared in movies and television specials that bring their magical world to life. These productions often highlight the dolls' unique backstory and the whimsical setting of the cabbage patch.

3. Advertising Campaigns

The Cabbage Patch Kids have been the focus of numerous advertising campaigns, promoting their unique features and adoption concept. These campaigns have played a significant role in shaping the brand's image and maintaining its popularity over the years.

4. Music Videos and Popular References

The Cabbage Patch Kids have been referenced in music videos and popular culture, often as a symbol of nostalgia and childhood innocence. These references help keep the dolls relevant and connected to contemporary audiences.

5. Online Content

In the digital age, the Cabbage Patch Hanover has expanded its presence online, with official websites, social media accounts, and digital content. This online presence allows fans to engage with the brand and explore new stories and adventures.

Overall, the Cabbage Patch Hanover's presence in media has played a crucial role in maintaining the brand's cultural significance and popularity. The dolls' appearances in television, film, and advertising continue to captivate new audiences and celebrate the rich legacy of the Cabbage Patch Kids.

Frequently Asked Questions About Cabbage Patch Hanover

1. What are Cabbage Patch Kids?

Cabbage Patch Kids are a line of soft-bodied dolls with hand-stitched faces, known for their unique adoption concept and cultural significance. Each doll comes with its own name, birth certificate, and adoption papers, creating an emotional bond with its owner.

2. Who created the Cabbage Patch Kids?

The Cabbage Patch Kids were created by artist Xavier Roberts in the late 1970s. Roberts drew inspiration from Appalachian folk art and developed a unique method of crafting lifelike dolls with a focus on personalization and adoption.

3. Why are Cabbage Patch Kids considered collectible?

Cabbage Patch Kids are considered collectible due to their unique design, limited editions, and cultural significance. Collectors often seek out rare dolls, special editions, and dolls with original packaging and adoption papers.

4. How can I determine the value of a Cabbage Patch Doll?

The value of a Cabbage Patch Doll is influenced by factors such as its condition, rarity, age, and unique features. Dolls in excellent condition with original packaging and adoption papers tend to be more valuable. Limited editions and rare designs are also highly sought after by collectors.

5. Are Cabbage Patch Kids still being produced?

Yes, Cabbage Patch Kids continue to be produced and sold. The dolls have been updated to reflect modern design trends and consumer preferences while retaining their iconic features. New releases often include special editions and collaborations, appealing to both collectors and new fans.

6. How have Cabbage Patch Kids influenced popular culture?

The Cabbage Patch Kids have had a significant impact on popular culture, influencing media, fashion, and social dynamics. They have appeared in television shows, movies, and advertising campaigns, becoming a cultural icon and symbol of childhood innocence and nostalgia.

Conclusion

The Cabbage Patch Hanover is more than just a collection of dolls; it is a cultural phenomenon that has left an indelible mark on the toy industry and popular culture. From their unique design and personalization to their widespread media presence and economic impact, the Cabbage Patch Kids have captured the hearts of millions worldwide.

The legacy of the Cabbage Patch Hanover continues to thrive, with new generations of children discovering the magic of these beloved dolls. Their ability to adapt to changing times while maintaining their core values of creativity, emotional connection, and cultural significance ensures that they will remain a cherished part of childhood for years to come.

As we reflect on the enduring appeal and impact of the Cabbage Patch Hanover, it is clear that these dolls have transcended their status as mere toys to become a symbol of creativity, innovation, and the power of imagination. Their story serves as an inspiration for generations, reminding us of the timeless joy and wonder of childhood.